![]() These naturally occurring disasters predispose the general population to an inordinate burden of psychosocial consequences, including acute stress disorder, depression, generalized anxiety disorders, posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), sleep disorders, and suicidal ideation. Every year, the country will experience a variety of natural disasters, such as floods, hurricanes, and cyclones, with their attendant consequences of loss of human lives and property. Indeed, Bangladesh is ranked 9 th in the world among the worst affected countries in the 2017 Climate Risk Index, and has consistently ranked in the top 10 on the Long-Term Climate Risk Index for the last two decades. The Bangla PCL-5 appears to be a valid and reliable psychometric screening tool that may be employed in the prospective evaluation of posttraumatic stress disorder in Bangladesh.īangladesh, a low-middle-income nation with a high population density, is inordinately vulnerable to adverse ecological events due to its geographic location. Overall, the seven-factor hybrid model exhibited the best fit to the data. Confirmatory factor analyses indicated the models had a good fit to the data, including the four-factor DSM-5 model, the six-factor Anhedonia model, and the seven-factor hybrid model. ![]() The Bangla PCL-5 score was significantly correlated with scores of the PHQ-9 depression scale, confirming strong convergent validity. The Bangla PCL-5 displayed adequate internal consistency (Cronbach’s alpha = 0.90). We used confirmatory factor analysis to test the four-factor DSM-5 model, the six-factor Anhedonia model, and the seven-factor hybrid model. The survey included the Bangla PCL-5 and the PHQ-9 depression scale. MethodsĪ cross-sectional survey was carried out among 10,605 individuals (61.0% male mean age: 23.6 ± 5.5 ) during May and June 2020, several months after the onset of the COVID-19 outbreak in Bangladesh. This study aimed to evaluate the psychometric properties of the newly translated Bangla PCL-5. Washington, DC 2013.The Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Checklist (PCL-5) is the most widely used screening tool in assessing posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms, based on the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental disorders (DSM-5) criteria. Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th ed. Screening for Depression and Suicide Risk in Adults: US Preventive Services Task Force Recommendation Statement. Screening for anxiety in adolescent and adult women: A recommendation from the Women's Preventive Services Initiative. Screening for Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD). Generalized Anxiety Disorder 7-item (GAD-7) scale.Īnxiety and Depression Association of America (ADAA). Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA). Anxiety disorders with comorbid substance use disorders: Diagnostic and treatment considerations. Generalized anxiety disorder and entry into marriage or a marriage-like relationship. Generalised anxiety disorder in children and adolescents. Assessing excessive reassurance seeking in the anxiety disorders. Rector NA, Kamkar K, Cassin SE, Ayearst LE, Laposa JM. Impact of the DSM-IV to DSM-5 Changes on the National Survey on Drug Use and Health. Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration. The diagnosis and treatment of generalized anxiety disorder. ![]() īandelow B, Boerner J R, Kasper S, Linden M, Wittchen HU, Möller HJ. The worry may be accompanied by reassurance-seeking from others. Someone struggling with GAD experiences a high percentage of their waking hours worrying about something. Difficulty sleeping (due to trouble falling asleep or staying asleep, restlessness at night, or unsatisfying sleep)Įxcessive worry means worrying even when there is no specific threat present or in a manner that is disproportionate to the actual risk.Irritability (which may or may not be observable to others).Impaired concentration or feeling as though the mind goes blank.Tiring easily more fatigued than usual.The anxiety and worry are accompanied by at least three of the following physical or cognitive symptoms (In children, only one of these symptoms is necessary for a diagnosis of GAD):.The worry in both adults and children may easily shift from one topic to another. The worry is experienced as very challenging to control. ![]() Worry occurs more often than not for at least six months and is clearly excessive.
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